Shock
Definition
Shock is a
condition where there is a failure in the circulatory system leading to insufficient
oxygen supply to the vital organs in the body, such as the brain, heart, lungs
and kidneys.
Shock can
lead to death if not treated quickly and adequately. It is possible to prevent
shock, or limit its severity if appropriate action is taken early.
Causes of Shock can result from many
different conditions, including respiratory and circulatory failure, acute
allergic reaction and overwhelming infection. Example:
- Injury or trauma
- Profuse bleeding
- Hearts attack
- Stroke
- Abdominal emergencies
- Severe dehydration in burns, food poisoning
- Extreme allergy to food, drug or insect stings (Anaphylactic shock)
Sign
and Symptoms
- Restless, anxiety and fear (common indicator of shock)
- Cold, clammy, sweaty, pale skin
- Thirst
- Nausea or vomiting
- Breathing rapid and shallow
- Pulse rapid and weak
- Weakness or fainting
- Unconsciousness may develop
General
Treatment For Shock
Aims:
- To recognise shock
- To treat victim according to the cause of shock
- To improve blood supply to the brain, heart and
lungs
- To urgent medical attention
Be calm and provide reassurance to
the victim.
Determine the cause of shock and
check the ABC’s.
In general, lay the victim flat on
the back (supine position) on a horizontal surface. If no fractures or spinal
injury are suspected, elevate the victim’s legs 12 to 18 inches off the floor
or ground (on two or three pillows). This allows some blood in the legs to
return to the heart more rapidly.
DO
NOT elevate the legs if the victim has a head injury or chest injury, or victim
with breathing difficulties. If victim is having chest pain in cases of heart
attack or who has lung disease, place the victim in a half-sitting position.
DO
NOT give the victim anything by mouth.
Administer high-flow oxygen. Loosen tight
clothing.
Cover with blanket to maintain
normal body temperature.
Monitor and record the vital signs
every 10-15 minutes. Seek urgent medical assistance and keep captain informed
of victim’s progress. Be prepared to resuscitate.
