Kneel beside the victim’s chest and prepare to start chest
compressions.
To provide chest compressions, place the heel of one hand in
the center of the chest (right between the nipples), on the lower sternum.
Place the heel of the other hand on top. Interlock your fingers and keep the
lower fingers off the victim’s chest.
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With your arms straight, lock your elbows and position your
shoulders directly over your hands. You should look down on your hands and
compress with your full body weight transmitted vertically downward.
Compress the lower sternum 1½ to 2 inches straight down.
Compressions must be rhythmic and continuous. Between compressions keep the
heels of your hands on the victim’s chest but completely release the pressure
to allow the chest to return to normal between compressions.
Count to establish rhythm “one, two, three, four until
....30”. After 30 chest compressions,
give 2 slow rescue breaths.
Provide 2 minutes of CPR or 5 cycles of 30 chest
compressions and 2 rescue breaths (30:2) continuously.
Re-check for signs of
circulation after 2 minutes of CPR or 5 cycles of 30:2. If no signs of
circulation present, repeat the CPR cycles, beginning with chest compressions
until circulation resumes or help arrives.
If the victim is not
breathing normally but has other signs of circulation present such as
coughing or movement, you must continue to give rescue breathing. Give 1 breath every 5 seconds or 12 breaths per
minute. Recheck for signs circulation every minute.
If the victim resumes normal breathing and if there are no
signs of neck injury or trauma, turn the victim onto his side in the recovery
position. Administer high-flow oxygen therapy, monitor and record the vital
signs closely.
Adult Two- Rescuer
CPR
CPR can also be performed by two- rescuers. Medical personnel frequently perform
two-rescuer CPR when there is more than one trained rescuer.
One rescuer assesses the victim and provides rescue
breathing and the other rescuer gives chest compressions. Use the same ratio of
CPR (30:2) as for the One-Rescuer CPR. The compressor can denote for a change
with the other rescuer at the fifth cycle by saying “Change and 2, 3, 4, 5 till
30” when he gets tired. He then moves to the head of the victim and recheck for
signs of circulation before the other rescuer resuming the chest compressions.
METHODS OF GIVING
RESCUE BREATHING
Mouth-to-Mouth Rescue
Breathing
Mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing is the fastest way to
deliver oxygen to the victim’s lungs and blood.
To perform mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing, follow these
steps:
·
Open the airway with the head tilt-chin lift
technique.
·
Pinch the victim’s nostrils together with your
thumb and forefinger and keep the victim’s mouth open.
·
Take a deep breath, and then make a tight seal
by placing your mouth over the victim’s mouth. Breath slowly into the victim’s
mouth until you see the victim’s chest rises with each breath you give. This is
important because it is the only way you can be sure that you are giving
effective rescue breaths.
·
Deliver rescue breaths slowly (Take 1 second to
deliver each breath for adult and child). Do not give rapid, large, forceful
breaths because you will blow air into the esophagus and stomach instead of the
lungs. Air in the stomach can lead to gastric distention and cause vomiting.
·
For victims who wear dentures, do not remove
dentures unless they are loose or ill fitting and may fall back into the throat
and obstruct the airway. Dentures help you make an airtight seal around
victim’s mouth.
·
After giving a breath to the victim, remove your
mouth and release the nostrils to allow the victim to exhale.
Mouth-to-Nose Rescue
Breathing
This method is used if the victim’s mouth is injured or
unable to open.
·
Maintain head tilt, close the victim’s mouth tight
with your thumb and index finger on the lower lip.
·
Encircle your lips widely around victim’s nose
and blow carefully, watch for chest rise.
·
Try to open victim’s mouth or separate his lips
to allow the victim to exhale after each breath.
Mouth-to-Mouth and
Nose Rescue Breathing (For Infant Only)
If you are using your mouth to give the infant rescue
breathing, cover the infant’s mouth and nose with your mouth.
Deliver breaths slowly and gently into the infant’s mouth
and nose with small puffs of air from hour cheeks (Take 1 second to deliver
each breath). Do not give rapid, large and forceful breaths to prevent gastric
distension which can cause vomiting.
